See improbus on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "improbulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "improbe"
},
"expansion": "French: improbe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: improbe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ímprobo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: ímprobo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: ímprobo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ímprobo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ímprobo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ímprobo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "improbo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: improbo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: improbo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"3": "probus",
"id1": "not"
},
"expansion": "in- + probus",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From in- + probus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "improba",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "improbior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "improbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "improbus",
"adv": "improbē",
"comp": "improbior",
"sup": "improbissimus"
},
"expansion": "improbus (feminine improba, neuter improbum, comparative improbior, superlative improbissimus, adverb improbē); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "improbus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"excessive, immoderate, flagrant, impudent"
],
"id": "en-improbus-la-adj-GwxrV8Yk",
"links": [
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"immoderate",
"immoderate"
],
[
"flagrant",
"flagrant"
],
[
"impudent",
"impudent"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"greedy, wanton, ravenous"
],
"id": "en-improbus-la-adj-Lh6JfwgI",
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"ravenous",
"ravenous"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“You will be given — wicked [man]! — [your] punishments.”\n(Translations — Mackail, 1885: “Wretch, thou shalt repay!”; Knight, 1956: “You will have your punishment, you villain.”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “Depraved, you will then pay your penalties.”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “You will pay for this, unconscionable!”; West, 1990: “You will receive the punishment you deserve.”; Lombardo, 2005: “You will pay, you despicable liar,”; Fagles, 2006: “You’ll pay, you shameless, ruthless —”; Ahl, 2007: “There'll be no impunity. You'll pay.”; Ferry, 2017: “...wicked one. You will be punished.”; Bartsch, 2020: “Wicked man, you’ll pay.”; Ruden, 2021: “when you, at last, are paying.”)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.386",
"text": "… Dabis, improbe, poenās."
}
],
"glosses": [
"wicked, bad, villainous, immoral, impious, malicious, cruel, unprincipled, shameless"
],
"id": "en-improbus-la-adj-LqirzD8I",
"links": [
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"villainous",
"villainous"
],
[
"immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"impious",
"impious"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"unprincipled",
"unprincipled"
],
[
"shameless",
"shameless"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"indomitable"
],
"id": "en-improbus-la-adj-HgBckp-h",
"links": [
[
"indomitable",
"indomitable"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 7 20 1 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 17 2 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms prefixed with in- (not)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 5 29 0 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 1 23 0 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Indomitable Love: What do you not compel [in] human hearts?”\n“Wicked Love: What do you not compel [in] human hearts?”\n“Wanton Love: What do you not compel [in] human hearts?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.412",
"text": "Improbe Amor, quid nōn mortālia pectora cōgis?"
},
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.331",
"text": "noctis erat medium, quid nōn amor improbus audet?\nIt was midnight – what doesn’t wanton desire dare?\nIt was midnight – what doesn’t wicked lust dare?\nIt was midnight – what doesn’t shameless passion dare?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Given so many nuanced meanings of the word in context, varied understandings and translations of classical Latin may be possible, e.g."
],
"id": "en-improbus-la-adj-9iTOSXor",
"raw_glosses": [
"Given so many nuanced meanings of the word in context, varied understandings and translations of classical Latin may be possible, e.g.:"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈim.pro.bus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪmprɔbʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈim.pro.bus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈimprobus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "inprobus"
}
],
"word": "improbus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms prefixed with in- (not)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "improbulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "improbe"
},
"expansion": "French: improbe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: improbe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ímprobo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: ímprobo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: ímprobo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ímprobo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ímprobo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ímprobo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "improbo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: improbo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: improbo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "in-",
"3": "probus",
"id1": "not"
},
"expansion": "in- + probus",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From in- + probus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "improba",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "improbior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbē",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "improbus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "improbīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "improbe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improbae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "improba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "improbus",
"adv": "improbē",
"comp": "improbior",
"sup": "improbissimus"
},
"expansion": "improbus (feminine improba, neuter improbum, comparative improbior, superlative improbissimus, adverb improbē); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "improbus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"excessive, immoderate, flagrant, impudent"
],
"links": [
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"immoderate",
"immoderate"
],
[
"flagrant",
"flagrant"
],
[
"impudent",
"impudent"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"greedy, wanton, ravenous"
],
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"ravenous",
"ravenous"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“You will be given — wicked [man]! — [your] punishments.”\n(Translations — Mackail, 1885: “Wretch, thou shalt repay!”; Knight, 1956: “You will have your punishment, you villain.”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “Depraved, you will then pay your penalties.”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “You will pay for this, unconscionable!”; West, 1990: “You will receive the punishment you deserve.”; Lombardo, 2005: “You will pay, you despicable liar,”; Fagles, 2006: “You’ll pay, you shameless, ruthless —”; Ahl, 2007: “There'll be no impunity. You'll pay.”; Ferry, 2017: “...wicked one. You will be punished.”; Bartsch, 2020: “Wicked man, you’ll pay.”; Ruden, 2021: “when you, at last, are paying.”)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.386",
"text": "… Dabis, improbe, poenās."
}
],
"glosses": [
"wicked, bad, villainous, immoral, impious, malicious, cruel, unprincipled, shameless"
],
"links": [
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"villainous",
"villainous"
],
[
"immoral",
"immoral"
],
[
"impious",
"impious"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
],
[
"unprincipled",
"unprincipled"
],
[
"shameless",
"shameless"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"indomitable"
],
"links": [
[
"indomitable",
"indomitable"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“Indomitable Love: What do you not compel [in] human hearts?”\n“Wicked Love: What do you not compel [in] human hearts?”\n“Wanton Love: What do you not compel [in] human hearts?”",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.412",
"text": "Improbe Amor, quid nōn mortālia pectora cōgis?"
},
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.331",
"text": "noctis erat medium, quid nōn amor improbus audet?\nIt was midnight – what doesn’t wanton desire dare?\nIt was midnight – what doesn’t wicked lust dare?\nIt was midnight – what doesn’t shameless passion dare?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Given so many nuanced meanings of the word in context, varied understandings and translations of classical Latin may be possible, e.g."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Given so many nuanced meanings of the word in context, varied understandings and translations of classical Latin may be possible, e.g.:"
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈim.pro.bus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɪmprɔbʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈim.pro.bus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈimprobus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inprobus"
}
],
"word": "improbus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for improbus meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: improbus/Latin 'Number' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"improbus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "improbus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.